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<p><a href="../../../../editdocs#docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm/kubeadm-upgrade-1-9.md" id="editPageButton">Edit This Page</a></p>

<h1>Upgrading/downgrading kubeadm clusters between v1.8 to v1.9</h1>




<p>This guide is for upgrading <code>kubeadm</code> clusters from version 1.8.x to 1.9.x, as well as 1.8.x to 1.8.y and 1.9.x to 1.9.y where <code>y &gt; x</code>.
See also <a href="https://v1-11.docs.kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/administer-cluster/kubeadm-upgrade-1-8/">upgrading kubeadm clusters from 1.7 to 1.8</a> if you&rsquo;re on a 1.7 cluster currently.</p>











<ul id="markdown-toc">










<li><a href="index.html#before-you-begin">Before you begin</a></li>












<li><a href="index.html#upgrading-your-control-plane">Upgrading your control plane</a></li>




<li><a href="index.html#upgrading-your-master-and-node-packages">Upgrading your master and node packages</a></li>




<li><a href="index.html#recovering-from-a-failure-state">Recovering from a failure state</a></li>



























</ul>



<h2 id="before-you-begin">Before you begin</h2>
<p>Before proceeding:</p>

<ul>
<li>You need to have a functional <code>kubeadm</code> Kubernetes cluster running version 1.8.0 or higher in order to use the process described here. Swap also needs to be disabled.</li>
<li>Make sure you read the <a href="https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.9.md" target="_blank">release notes</a> carefully.</li>
<li><code>kubeadm upgrade</code> now allows you to upgrade etcd. <code>kubeadm upgrade</code> will also upgrade of etcd to 3.1.10 as part of upgrading from v1.8 to v1.9 by default. This is due to the fact that etcd 3.1.10 is the officially validated etcd version for Kubernetes v1.9. The upgrade is handled automatically by kubeadm for you.</li>
<li>Note that <code>kubeadm upgrade</code> will not touch any of your workloads, only Kubernetes-internal components. As a best-practice you should back up what&rsquo;s important to you. For example, any app-level state, such as a database an app might depend on (like MySQL or MongoDB) must be backed up beforehand.</li>
</ul>

<blockquote class="caution">
  <div><strong>Caution:</strong> All the containers will get restarted after the upgrade, due to container spec hash value gets changed.</div>
</blockquote>

<p>Also, note that only one minor version upgrade is supported. For example, you can only upgrade from 1.8 to 1.9, not from 1.7 to 1.9.</p>




<h2 id="upgrading-your-control-plane">Upgrading your control plane</h2>

<p>Execute these commands on your master node:</p>

<ol>
<li>Install the most recent version of <code>kubeadm</code> using <code>curl</code> like so:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#a2f">export</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">VERSION</span><span style="color:#666">=</span><span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">$(</span>curl -sSL https://dl.k8s.io/release/stable.txt<span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">)</span> <span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># or manually specify a released Kubernetes version
</span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"></span><span style="color:#a2f">export</span> <span style="color:#b8860b">ARCH</span><span style="color:#666">=</span>amd64 <span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"># or: arm, arm64, ppc64le, s390x
</span><span style="color:#080;font-style:italic"></span>curl -sSL https://dl.k8s.io/release/<span style="color:#b68;font-weight:bold">${</span><span style="color:#b8860b">VERSION</span><span style="color:#b68;font-weight:bold">}</span>/bin/linux/<span style="color:#b68;font-weight:bold">${</span><span style="color:#b8860b">ARCH</span><span style="color:#b68;font-weight:bold">}</span>/kubeadm &gt; /usr/bin/kubeadm
chmod a+rx /usr/bin/kubeadm</code></pre></div>
<blockquote class="caution">
  <div><strong>Caution:</strong> Upgrading the <code>kubeadm</code> package on your system prior to upgrading the control plane causes a failed upgrade.
Even though <code>kubeadm</code> ships in the Kubernetes repositories, it&rsquo;s important to install <code>kubeadm</code> manually. The kubeadm
team is working on fixing this limitation.</div>
</blockquote>

<p>Verify that this download of kubeadm works and has the expected version:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubeadm version</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>On the master node, run the following:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubeadm upgrade plan</code></pre></div>
<p>You should see output similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#666">[</span>preflight<span style="color:#666">]</span> Running pre-flight checks
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade<span style="color:#666">]</span> Making sure the cluster is healthy:
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/health<span style="color:#666">]</span> Checking API Server health: Healthy
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/health<span style="color:#666">]</span> Checking Node health: All Nodes are healthy
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/health<span style="color:#666">]</span> Checking Static Pod manifests exists on disk: All manifests exist on disk
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> Making sure the configuration is correct:
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> Reading configuration from the cluster...
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> FYI: You can look at this config file with <span style="color:#b44">&#39;kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -o yaml&#39;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade<span style="color:#666">]</span> Fetching available versions to upgrade to:
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> Cluster version: v1.8.1
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> kubeadm version: v1.9.0
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> Latest stable version: v1.9.0
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> Latest version in the v1.8 series: v1.8.6

Components that must be upgraded manually after you<span style="color:#b44">&#39;ve upgraded the control plane with &#39;</span>kubeadm upgrade apply<span style="color:#b44">&#39;:
</span><span style="color:#b44">COMPONENT   CURRENT      AVAILABLE
</span><span style="color:#b44">Kubelet     1 x v1.8.1   v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">Upgrade to the latest version in the v1.8 series:
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">COMPONENT            CURRENT   AVAILABLE
</span><span style="color:#b44">API Server           v1.8.1    v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">Controller Manager   v1.8.1    v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">Scheduler            v1.8.1    v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">Kube Proxy           v1.8.1    v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">Kube DNS             1.14.4    1.14.5
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">You can now apply the upgrade by executing the following command:
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">	kubeadm upgrade apply v1.8.6
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">_____________________________________________________________________
</span><span style="color:#b44">
</span><span style="color:#b44">Components that must be upgraded manually after you&#39;</span>ve upgraded the control plane with <span style="color:#b44">&#39;kubeadm upgrade apply&#39;</span>:
COMPONENT   CURRENT      AVAILABLE
Kubelet     <span style="color:#666">1</span> x v1.8.1   v1.9.0

Upgrade to the latest stable version:

COMPONENT            CURRENT   AVAILABLE
API Server           v1.8.1    v1.9.0
Controller Manager   v1.8.1    v1.9.0
Scheduler            v1.8.1    v1.9.0
Kube Proxy           v1.8.1    v1.9.0
Kube DNS             <span style="color:#666">1</span>.14.5    <span style="color:#666">1</span>.14.7

You can now apply the upgrade by executing the following command:

	kubeadm upgrade apply v1.9.0

Note: Before you <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">do</span> can perform this upgrade, you have to update kubeadm to v1.9.0

_____________________________________________________________________</code></pre></div>
<p>The <code>kubeadm upgrade plan</code> checks that your cluster is upgradeable and fetches the versions available to upgrade to in an user-friendly way.</p>

<p>To check CoreDNS version, include the <code>--feature-gates=CoreDNS=true</code> flag to verify the CoreDNS version which will be installed in place of kube-dns.</p>

<ol>
<li>Pick a version to upgrade to and run. For example:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubeadm upgrade apply v1.9.0</code></pre></div>
<p>You should see output similar to this:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell"><span style="color:#666">[</span>preflight<span style="color:#666">]</span> Running pre-flight checks.
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade<span style="color:#666">]</span> Making sure the cluster is healthy:
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> Making sure the configuration is correct:
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> Reading configuration from the cluster...
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/config<span style="color:#666">]</span> FYI: You can look at this config file with <span style="color:#b44">&#39;kubectl -n kube-system get cm kubeadm-config -oyaml&#39;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/version<span style="color:#666">]</span> You have chosen to upgrade to version <span style="color:#b44">&#34;v1.9.0&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> Cluster version: v1.8.1
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/versions<span style="color:#666">]</span> kubeadm version: v1.9.0
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/confirm<span style="color:#666">]</span> Are you sure you want to proceed with the upgrade? <span style="color:#666">[</span>y/N<span style="color:#666">]</span>: y
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/prepull<span style="color:#666">]</span> Will prepull images <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> components <span style="color:#666">[</span>kube-apiserver kube-controller-manager kube-scheduler<span style="color:#666">]</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/apply<span style="color:#666">]</span> Upgrading your Static Pod-hosted control plane to version <span style="color:#b44">&#34;v1.9.0&#34;</span>...
<span style="color:#666">[</span>etcd<span style="color:#666">]</span> Wrote Static Pod manifest <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> a <span style="color:#a2f">local</span> etcd instance to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests802453804/etcd.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Moved upgraded manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/manifests/etcd.yaml&#34;</span> and backed up old manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests502223003/etcd.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Waiting <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> the kubelet to restart the component
<span style="color:#666">[</span>apiclient<span style="color:#666">]</span> Found <span style="color:#666">1</span> Pods <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> label selector <span style="color:#b8860b">component</span><span style="color:#666">=</span>etcd
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Component <span style="color:#b44">&#34;etcd&#34;</span> upgraded successfully!
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Writing upgraded Static Pod manifests to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests802453804&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>controlplane<span style="color:#666">]</span> Wrote Static Pod manifest <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> component kube-apiserver to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests802453804/kube-apiserver.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>controlplane<span style="color:#666">]</span> Wrote Static Pod manifest <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> component kube-controller-manager to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests802453804/kube-controller-manager.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>controlplane<span style="color:#666">]</span> Wrote Static Pod manifest <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> component kube-scheduler to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-upgraded-manifests802453804/kube-scheduler.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Moved upgraded manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml&#34;</span> and backed up old manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests502223003/kube-apiserver.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Waiting <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> the kubelet to restart the component
<span style="color:#666">[</span>apiclient<span style="color:#666">]</span> Found <span style="color:#666">1</span> Pods <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> label selector <span style="color:#b8860b">component</span><span style="color:#666">=</span>kube-apiserver
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Component <span style="color:#b44">&#34;kube-apiserver&#34;</span> upgraded successfully!
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Moved upgraded manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml&#34;</span> and backed up old manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests502223003/kube-controller-manager.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Waiting <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> the kubelet to restart the component
<span style="color:#666">[</span>apiclient<span style="color:#666">]</span> Found <span style="color:#666">1</span> Pods <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> label selector <span style="color:#b8860b">component</span><span style="color:#666">=</span>kube-controller-manager
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Component <span style="color:#b44">&#34;kube-controller-manager&#34;</span> upgraded successfully!
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Moved upgraded manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml&#34;</span> and backed up old manifest to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;/etc/kubernetes/tmp/kubeadm-backup-manifests502223003/kube-scheduler.yaml&#34;</span>
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Waiting <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> the kubelet to restart the component
<span style="color:#666">[</span>apiclient<span style="color:#666">]</span> Found <span style="color:#666">1</span> Pods <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> label selector <span style="color:#b8860b">component</span><span style="color:#666">=</span>kube-scheduler
<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/staticpods<span style="color:#666">]</span> Component <span style="color:#b44">&#34;kube-scheduler&#34;</span> upgraded successfully!
<span style="color:#666">[</span>uploadconfig<span style="color:#666">]</span> Storing the configuration used in ConfigMap <span style="color:#b44">&#34;kubeadm-config&#34;</span> in the <span style="color:#b44">&#34;kube-system&#34;</span> Namespace
<span style="color:#666">[</span>bootstraptoken<span style="color:#666">]</span> Configured RBAC rules to allow Node Bootstrap tokens to post CSRs in order <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> nodes to get long term certificate credentials
<span style="color:#666">[</span>bootstraptoken<span style="color:#666">]</span> Configured RBAC rules to allow the csrapprover controller automatically approve CSRs from a Node Bootstrap Token
<span style="color:#666">[</span>bootstraptoken<span style="color:#666">]</span> Configured RBAC rules to allow certificate rotation <span style="color:#a2f;font-weight:bold">for</span> all node client certificates in the cluster
<span style="color:#666">[</span>addons<span style="color:#666">]</span> Applied essential addon: kube-dns
<span style="color:#666">[</span>addons<span style="color:#666">]</span> Applied essential addon: kube-proxy

<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/successful<span style="color:#666">]</span> SUCCESS! Your cluster was upgraded to <span style="color:#b44">&#34;v1.9.0&#34;</span>. Enjoy!

<span style="color:#666">[</span>upgrade/kubelet<span style="color:#666">]</span> Now that your control plane is upgraded, please proceed with upgrading your kubelets in turn.</code></pre></div>
<p>To upgrade the cluster with CoreDNS as the default internal DNS, invoke <code>kubeadm upgrade apply</code> with the <code>--feature-gates=CoreDNS=true</code> flag.
<code>kubeadm upgrade apply</code> does the following:</p>

<ul>
<li>Checks that your cluster is in an upgradeable state:

<ul>
<li>The API server is reachable,</li>
<li>All nodes are in the <code>Ready</code> state</li>
<li>The control plane is healthy</li>
</ul></li>
<li>Enforces the version skew policies.</li>
<li>Makes sure the control plane images are available or available to pull to the machine.</li>
<li>Upgrades the control plane components or rollbacks if any of them fails to come up.</li>
<li>Applies the new <code>kube-dns</code> and <code>kube-proxy</code> manifests and enforces that all necessary RBAC rules are created.</li>
<li>Creates new certificate and key files of apiserver and backs up old files if they&rsquo;re about to expire in 180 days.</li>
</ul>

<ol>
<li>Manually upgrade your Software Defined Network (SDN).</li>
</ol>

<p>Your Container Network Interface (CNI) provider may have its own upgrade instructions to follow.
   Check the <a href="../../../../concepts/cluster-administration/addons/index.html">addons</a> page to
   find your CNI provider and see if there are additional upgrade steps
   necessary.</p>

<h2 id="upgrading-your-master-and-node-packages">Upgrading your master and node packages</h2>

<p>For each host (referred to as <code>$HOST</code> below) in your cluster, upgrade <code>kubelet</code> by executing the following commands:</p>

<ol>
<li>Prepare the host for maintenance, marking it unschedulable and evicting the workload:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubectl drain <span style="color:#b8860b">$HOST</span> --ignore-daemonsets</code></pre></div>
<p>When running this command against the master host, this error is expected and can be safely ignored (since there are static pods running on the master):</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">node <span style="color:#b44">&#34;master&#34;</span> already cordoned
error: pods not managed by ReplicationController, ReplicaSet, Job, DaemonSet or StatefulSet <span style="color:#666">(</span>use --force to override<span style="color:#666">)</span>: etcd-kubeadm, kube-apiserver-kubeadm, kube-controller-manager-kubeadm, kube-scheduler-kubeadm</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Upgrade the Kubernetes package versions on the <code>$HOST</code> node by using a Linux distribution-specific package manager:</li>
</ol>

<p>If the host is running a Debian-based distro such as Ubuntu, run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">apt-get update
apt-get upgrade</code></pre></div>
<p>If the host is running CentOS or the like, run:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">yum update</code></pre></div>
<p>Now the new version of the <code>kubelet</code> should be running on the host. Verify this using the following command on <code>$HOST</code>:</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">systemctl status kubelet</code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>Bring the host back online by marking it schedulable:</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubectl uncordon <span style="color:#b8860b">$HOST</span></code></pre></div>
<ol>
<li>After upgrading <code>kubelet</code> on each host in your cluster, verify that all nodes are available again by executing the following (from anywhere, for example, from outside the cluster):</li>
</ol>
<div class="highlight"><pre style="background-color:#f8f8f8;-moz-tab-size:4;-o-tab-size:4;tab-size:4"><code class="language-shell" data-lang="shell">kubectl get nodes</code></pre></div>
<p>If the <code>STATUS</code> column of the above command shows <code>Ready</code> for all of your hosts, you are done.</p>

<h2 id="recovering-from-a-failure-state">Recovering from a failure state</h2>

<p>If <code>kubeadm upgrade</code> somehow fails and fails to roll back, for example due to an unexpected shutdown during execution,
you can run <code>kubeadm upgrade</code> again as it is idempotent and should eventually make sure the actual state is the desired state you are declaring.</p>

<p>You can use <code>kubeadm upgrade</code> to change a running cluster with <code>x.x.x --&gt; x.x.x</code> with <code>--force</code>, which can be used to recover from a bad state.</p>



















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